The main difference between Q1 and Q2 visas is the duration of stay and the nature of residence.
The Q1 visa allows the holder to stay in China for more than 180 days and is applicable for long-term family reunions or foster care. The holder can enter and exit multiple times within the validity period of the visa, but must apply for a foreigner's residence permit with the local public security bureau's entry and exit administration within 30 days of entry. Additionally, Q1 visa holders can legally work during their stay.
In contrast, the Q2 visa allows the holder to stay in China for no more than 180 days and is suitable for short-term family visits. Unlike the Q1 visa, Q2 visa holders can only make short-term stays and cannot legally work during their stay. Additionally, Q2 visa holders can enter and exit multiple times within the visa's validity period, but each stay cannot exceed the maximum duration allowed by the visa.
In summary, Q1 and Q2 visas differ in terms of stay duration, residence nature, and work rights. If you need to stay in China for more than 180 days, you should apply for a Q1 visa; if you need to stay for no more than 180 days, you should apply for a Q2 visa.